The interactivity of Architecture in intelligent buildings
Throughout history, architects have endeavored to transform buildings from static objects into dynamic systems, adapting to the evolving needs of residents. From this perspective, they sought to create spaces, structural components, and building elements capable of undergoing alterations in response to actions from people or the surrounding environment, such as movement, sound, light, wind, heat, or humidity. According to Prussin, "place-making primarily serves as an extension of changing cultural needs," emphasizing the necessity for architecture that constantly evolves. This leads to the concept of responsive architecture, allowing adaptation to its environment, as proposed by Nicholas Negroponte in 1979—an intelligent architecture that interacts collectively with users through dynamic form movements. This interaction is achieved by employing computational and kinetic systems, facilitating adaptation to the environment and meeting user needs. The article offers an overview of concepts and definitions related to kinetic architecture, exploring the structural systems and materials employed in this architectural design. It then delves into the history of kinetic architecture, tracing its origins to medieval times and highlighting projects and studies from the early twentieth century. Finally, the article discusses the applications of the kinetic concept in architecture and emphasizes its role in environmental design through the analysis of three buildings incorporating kinetic components.
The field of architecture is currently immersed in passionate debates, with its methods, traditions, and expertise being scrutinized. This ongoing evolution is driven by external challenges introducing new practices and internal questioning, as practitioners express doubts about its current state. One significant influencer shaping the future of architecture is technology. Technological solutions have already made substantial transformations throughout the discipline, impacting every step of the value chain. The conception of buildings is gradually evolving, leveraging new construction techniques, developing sophisticated software, and incorporating statistical computing capabilities like Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. Rather than viewing this as a disruption, we perceive it as a seamless continuity, guiding architecture through successive evolutions. Modularity, Computational Design, Parametricism, and Artificial Intelligence represent the four intricately linked steps of this gradual transition. Beyond historical considerations, we assert that this evolution serves as the wireframe for a radical improvement in architectural conception. Explore how technology and these evolving trends are reshaping the architectural landscape for a more innovative and sustainable future.
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